CS 412/413
Introduction to Compilers
Spring 2003

Supporting Material for Code Generation Assignment

Example programs

• Hello world: hello.ic, hello.s
• Fibonacci computation: fib.ic, fib.s
• Objects example: objects.ic, objects.s


Calling convention

• Function arguments pushed on stack in reverse order
• Return value stored in eax register (not on stack)
• Caller-saved registers: eax, ecx, edx
• Callee-saved registers: ebx, esi, edi, ebp, esp
  

Pentium Instruction Set Architecture

• A quick description of the Pentium Instruction Set (taken from the nasm assembler documentation; uses Intel syntax)
  
• Complete documentation: Intel Manuals page, which includes:
• Intel Architecture Optimizations Manual
• Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 1: Basic Architecture
• Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 2: Instruction Set Reference Manual
• Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3: System Programming Guide
  

GNU Assembler

• Manual for the as assembler (uses the AT&T syntax)
  

AT&T versus Intel Syntax

Assembling and linking commands

In Windows under the Cygwin environment, the assembling and linking commands for an assembly file "file.s" are:

as -o file.o file.s
ld -o file.exe file.o /lib/crt0.o libic.a -lcygwin -lkernel32

The library file libic.a for Windows/Cygwin is a collection of .o files bundled together, containing the code for all of the library functions defined in the language specification, along with run-time support for garbage collection. 

The IC library is also available for Linux: libic-linux.a. The assembling and linking commands for "file.s" in Linux are:

as -o file.o file.s
ld -o file file.o /usr/lib/crt1.o /usr/lib/crti.o libic-linux.a -lc /usr/lib/crtn.o -dynamic /lib/ld-linux.so.2