Placeholders in Pattern
variable, a, b, g, and stoppingValue are placeholders
variable contains the most recently read input value. Replace it uniformly by a name that is meaningful for the given problem.
stoppingValue is the value designated to signal the end of the input data.
a is the initialization: statements that initialize variables before any input value is processed.
b is where you process each input value except the stoppingValue.
g is the finalization: where you perform operations after all input values have been processed.